Demographic and Associated Factors Influencing Addiction Among Adults in Kabul, Afghanistan

Abstract

Background: Substance addiction poses a critical public health challenge globally, with increasing prevalence in low-income, conflict-affected countries such as Afghanistan. Despite widespread drug use, limited empirical research has explored the demographic and socio-contextual factors influencing addiction in Kabul, the nation’s capital. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of substance use and examine the associated demographic, economic, and social factors contributing to addiction among adults in Kabul, Afghanistan.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 82 adults aged 18–60 years in Kabul. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, substance use history, and associated risk factors. Descriptive statistics and Somers’ D correlation were used to analyze the data using SPSS version 26.

Results: The majority of participants were male (95.1%) and between the ages of 20–30 years (42.7%). Opium was the most commonly used substance (57.3%), followed by hashish (34.1%). Key risk factors included unemployment (93.9%), frequent association with addicts (97.6%), and ease of access to drugs (84.1%). A strong peer influence was observed, with 82.9% reporting increased drug use in the presence of addicted friends. Somers’ D correlation confirmed significant associations between addiction and ease of access, family conflict, and peer networks.

Conclusion: The findings highlight a complex interplay between socio-economic hardship, peer influence, and drug accessibility in driving addiction among adults in Kabul. Addressing these factors through community-level interventions, employment support, and peer-based harm reduction strategies is essential for effective addiction prevention and treatment in Afghanistan.