Risk Factors for the Incidence of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women

Abstract

Background: Menopause is a natural physiological phenomenon marking the end of a woman's reproductive years. This period can impact various aspects of women's physical and mental health. Among the health concerns during this phase is an increased risk of breast cancer. This study aims to identify and investigate the risk factors for breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women.

Methods: This research is a descriptive review systematically conducted by examining relevant scientific literature. Necessary data were collected and analyzed using a documentary method, through searches in scientific databases and the study of reputable reference books and scientific articles.

Findings and Results: The findings indicate that a family history of breast cancer in second-degree relatives, age at first delivery between 18 and 35 years, and the presence of benign breast masses are significant risk factors for breast cancer in women under 50. Furthermore, a significant association exists between marital status and breast cancer incidence. Some studies have pointed to a positive correlation between the number of abortions and the development of breast cancer. The most prominent risk factors identified include physical inactivity, breastfeeding duration of less than two years, a high body mass index (BMI > 30), and exposure to secondhand smoke at home.

Conclusion: The research findings suggest that preventing modifiable factors such as obesity and physical inactivity, along with increasing awareness about healthy lifestyle choices, can be effective in reducing the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.