Awareness of Hypertension and Its Risks Among Youths in West Kabul: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a leading global health risk, often silent yet significantly contributing to heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Its prevention relies heavily on public awareness, particularly among youths. This study examines youth awareness of hypertension, its risk factors, and complications in West Kabul, amid rising incidence due to lifestyle and urbanization.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 youths (aged 17–21) in West Kabul using convenience sampling. Participants were recruited from schools, community centers, and public spaces. Data were gathered through a pretested, structured questionnaire assessing demographics, hypertension knowledge, and awareness of risk factors. The questionnaire was validated by public health experts, and responses were analyzed using SPSS with results presented descriptively.

Results: Among male respondents (n=200), 82.5% knew about hypertension, but just 32% knew of its important risk factors. Similarly, among female respondents (n=200), 64% knew about hypertension, but just 38.5% knew of its causes accurately. A majority of respondents (male and female) held mistaken perceptions about the dietary and lifestyle risk determinants for hypertension. Moreover, only 26% of men and 31% of women indicated a good understanding of the hypertension consequences.

Conclusion: While most youths in West Kabul know about hypertension, its risk factors and causes are understood by few. Less than 32% of men and 38.5% of women know the major risk factors for hypertension and therefore we require targeted health education. Our recommendation is to include awareness about hypertension in school curricula and start culturally sensitive outreach so that preventive lifestyle changes can be promoted among youths.