Awareness of Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) and Associated Risks Among Youths in West Kabul: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), also known as stroke, is a leading cause of death and disability in the world. Although more common in older people, its causative factors—hypertension, cigarette smoking, obesity, and lack of exercise—are fast becoming common in young individuals. Understanding stroke warning signs and prevention is of primary importance.

Objective: To assess the level of awareness of cerebrovascular accident (CVA), including risk factors, warning signs, and complications, among youths aged 18–25 years in West Kabul.

Methods: 1,800 young people (900 men and 900 women) aged 18–25 years were surveyed using convenience sampling from schools, universities, public spaces and community centers. Data was collected using a validated questionnaire on demographics, CVA awareness, risk factors, and warning signs. SPSS was used for descriptive analysis of response. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, and ethical principles for human research were observed.

Results: Among males (n=900), 79% were aware of CVA; however, only 29% correctly identified major risk factors. Among females (n=900), 67% reported overall awareness, but only 34% accurately identified causes and risk determinants. A significant majority held misconceptions about lifestyle risks and warning signs, such as sudden weakness or speech difficulty. Good knowledge of CVA complications, including paralysis and permanent disability, was observed in only 24% of males and 30% of females.

Conclusion: While most of the youths in West Kabul have a good understanding of CVA, proper awareness of risk factors, warning signs, and complications is not widespread. Less than one-third had high awareness, and this necessitates education specifically to this population. School programs and community outreach should be utilized to roll out stroke prevention programs to promote healthier lifestyles.