Prevalence of Bacterial Meningitis Among Children Under 13 Years of Age Attending Kabul Child Health Hospital in 1403: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Bacterial meningitis is a serious central nervous system infection in children. Delayed diagnosis can lead to severe complications and death. Epidemiological data are limited in Afghanistan.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, common bacterial pathogens, age and gender distribution, geographic residence, and treatment patterns among children under 13 years admitted to Sehat-e-Tifl Hospital in 1403.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,700 children suspected of meningitis. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records and analyzed using SPSS version 26. The Chi-square test was applied (P < 0.05).

Results: Of 1,700 suspected cases, 84 (4.9%) were confirmed as bacterial meningitis. The highest prevalence was in the 0 2 years age group (35.7%) and among males (55.9%). The most common pathogens were Streptococci (48.8%), Haemophilus influenzae (35.7%), and Neisseria meningitidis (11.9%). Vancomycin, alone or with ceftriaxone, was the most common first-line therapy.

Conclusion: Bacterial meningitis remains a major health concern in children under 13 years, especially in early childhood. Early diagnosis, accurate documentation, and improved access to healthcare services are essential to reduce complications and mortality.