Yasin Mohammadi *, Hamed Mollaie** , Waheedull Ahakbari**, Yaser Hussainkhai**, Jomagul Malilzada
Background: The monkeypox virus was first identified in 1958 in monkeys, with
the first human case reported in 1970. Initially recognized as an endemic
disease in certain African countries, its spread to non-endemic nations in 2022
raised global concerns.
Methods: This study is a systematic review conducted by searching reputable
databases from 2010 to December 2024. Studies related to epidemiology, virus
transmission, and preventive measures were included. Data were extracted and
analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively from the selected articles.
Findings: Monkeypox is transmitted through direct contact with bodily
fluids, sexual contact, and contact with infected animals. The disease is more
prevalent in rural and underdeveloped areas. Human-to-human transmission has
increased in non-endemic countries in recent years. Clinical symptoms include
fever, headache, skin lesions, and severe pain in certain areas. There is no
specific treatment, and supportive therapies and drugs like tecovirimat are
used.
Conclusion: Monkeypox is a viral disease that spreads through both
human-to-human and animal-to-human transmission. Prevention through
vaccination, public awareness, and the use of personal protective equipment
such as condoms and masks can help control its spread. Effective disease
control requires rapid identification and preventive measures.
Keywords: Monkeypox, Epidemiology, "Transmission, Prevention, Orthopoxvirus.