Kateb Journal of Medical Science & Biotechnology
type: channel
description: Kateb Journal of Medical Sciences and Biotechnology, affiliated with Kateb University, is a peer-reviewed, double-blind, open-access scientific research journal published semi-annually, focusing on the fields of medical sciences and biotechnology. With a commitment to the advancement of specialized knowledge, the journal regularly publishes articles in diverse areas, including cellular and molecular biology, biotechnology, medical biology, pharmacology, genetics, clinical research, and other related disciplines. The primary objective of this journal is to enhance the production and exchange of knowledge within the realms of medical sciences and biotechnology through the regular publication of high-quality scientific research. It aims to facilitate research collaborations and address health and biotechnological challenges, particularly within the context of Afghanistan—an approach pursued to expand the frontiers of knowledge and provide scientific solutions for sustainable development. This publication welcomes original research and review articles from researchers addressing significant and contemporary issues in the field, presenting innovative and original findings within their respective areas of expertise. Manuscripts must be original, previously unpublished, and not under simultaneous consideration for publication in any other journal. General Information Title (English): Kateb Journal of Medical Sciences and Biotechnology Title (Persian): مجله علمی-تحقیقی علوم طبی و بیوتکنولوژی کاتب Publisher/Owner: Kateb University Publishing Body: Kateb University Scope: medical sciences and biotechnology Peer-Review Model: Double-Blind Review Year of Establishment: 2013 (originally launched as Kateb Scientific Quarterly) Date of National Accreditation: 13/05/2021 Accreditation/Rank: Recognized as a National Scientific-Research Journal (Ministry of Higher Education, Afghanistan) Average Time for Initial Review: Approximately 10 days Average Peer-Review and Acceptance Period:…
publisher: پوهنتون کاتب
language: en
publication name: Kateb Journal of Medical Science & Biotechnology
issn: 2789-1178
items: The Global Impact of Preeclampsia on Maternal Mortality: A Comparative Analysis of Healthcare Accessibility and Outcomes in Low and Middle-Income Countries Comparing High-Income Countries
items: Artificial Intelligence and Medicine: Threats and Opportunities
items: Interconnected Impacts of COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis on Public Health and Economic Disparities
items: AStudy on the Role of In-Silico Methods in the Development and Discovery of New Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19
items: The Prevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women of Ningarhar Province (2023)
items: Overcoming Barriers to Renal Transplantation in Afghanistan: Challenges and Opportunities
items: Pregnancy in a Non-Communicating Rudimentary Horn of a Unicornuate Uterus Complicated by Uterine Rupture: A Case Report from Afghanistan
items: Monkeypox Virus: Epidemiology, Transmission, and Clinical Management in the Contemporary Era
items: The Impact of Childbirth Preparation Classes on Reducing Fear of Natural Childbirth
items: Descriptive Study on the Management of Urinary Tract Infections at National and Specialized Police Hospital in 2023
items: The study Investigation the prevalence of neonatal sepsis during the last six months of year2022 in neonatal ward of Maiwand teaching hospital
items: Risk Factors for the Incidence of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women
items: Demographic and Associated Factors Influencing Addiction Among Adults in Kabul, Afghanistan
items: Awareness of Hypertension and Its Risks Among Youths in West Kabul: A Cross-Sectional Study
items: A Study of Comminuted Mandibular Fractures at the National and Specialized Police Hospital in 2020
items: Rupioid Psoriasis with Psoriatic Arthritis: A Rare Case Report
items: Prevalence of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis at the Eye Teaching Hospital of Shahrara in1401

The Global Impact of Preeclampsia on Maternal Mortality: A Comparative Analysis of Healthcare Accessibility and Outcomes in Low and Middle-Income Countries Comparing High-Income Countries
type: item
description: Background: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where access to healthcare services is limited. Despite significant advancements in prenatal care in high-income countries, preeclampsia continues to challenge healthcare systems globally, especially in regions with limited resources. Methodology: This analytical study examined recent literature and epidemiological data to assess the incidence, prevalence, and impact of preeclampsia on maternal mortality. Data were collected from studies spanning high- and low-income regions to identify risk factors, complications, and regional disparities in healthcare access. Results: Preeclampsia affects approximately 3-10% of all pregnancies worldwide, with higher rates observed in LMICs. Advanced maternal age, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are significant risk factors, exacerbated by socioeconomic constraints in resource-poor settings. Preeclampsia accounts for 10-15% of maternal deaths, with LMICs experiencing higher mortality due to limited emergency obstetric care and delayed treatment. Preventive strategies such as routine screenings and early interventions have reduced complications and improved maternal outcomes in high-income settings but remain underutilized in LMICs. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the urgent need for expanded prenatal care accessibility, targeted training for healthcare providers, and community-based preventive strategies in LMICs. Addressing healthcare inequalities and implementing early detection programs are critical steps toward reducing preeclampsia-related maternal mortality globally.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Preeclampsia
  topic: keywords
subject: Maternal Mortality
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Accessibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs)
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk Factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Preventive Strategies
  topic: keywords
creator: Hadi Sadiqi
creator: Ghulam Mohammad Amiri
creator: Qasem Rezaee
creator: Mustafa Ahmadzada
creator: Ghulam Haider Jamalzada
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kateb Journal of Medical Science & Biotechnology
date: 2026-04-29
publication date: 2026-04-29
starting page: 33
ending page: 47

Artificial Intelligence and Medicine: Threats and Opportunities
type: item
description: Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare by advancing diagnostic accuracy, optimizing treatment pathways, and enabling personalized medicine and efficient administrative processes. Despite these advancements, its adoption raises ethical, legal, and operational challenges. This review critically examines AI’s dual impact on healthcare by assessing its applications in diagnostics, robotic-assisted surgery, predictive analytics, drug discovery, and telemedicine while addressing key concerns like data privacy, algorithmic bias, workforce implications, and technological dependency. Methodology: A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature published between 2018 and 2024 was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Search terms included "artificial intelligence in clinical practice," "machine learning ethics in medicine," "AI-driven diagnostics," and "healthcare predictive analytics." Articles were selected based on their relevance to AI's clinical applications and ethical implications, emphasizing qualitative evaluations and real-world case studies in diagnostic imaging, minimally invasive surgery, pharmacological innovation, and virtual healthcare delivery. Results: AI has shown significant promise in enhancing healthcare outcomes, particularly in achieving diagnostic accuracies on par with or exceeding human expertise in imaging and pathology. It has accelerated drug development pipelines, improved surgical precision, and streamlined clinical workflows. However, the review highlights persistent challenges, including algorithmic bias, insufficient transparency in AI systems, and ethical concerns regarding patient data security. The findings also underscore risks of workforce displacement and over-reliance on automated systems in decision-making processes. Conclusion: AI is poised to revolutionize healthcare, yet its integration must be carefully managed to address ethical and practical concerns. Ensuring…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethical challenges of AI
  topic: keywords
subject: AI-driven diagnostics
  topic: keywords
subject: Predictive analytics in healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: AI applications in drug discovery
  topic: keywords
creator: Qasem Rezaee
creator: Ghulam Haider Jamalzada
creator: Mohammad Hadi Sadiqi
creator: Ehsan Shayan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kateb Journal of Medical Science & Biotechnology
date: 2026-04-29
publication date: 2026-04-29
starting page: 19
ending page: 32

Interconnected Impacts of COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis on Public Health and Economic Disparities
type: item
description: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had profound and wide-reaching impacts on global public health and economies, with significant regional variations. This meta-analysis examines these impacts, focusing on mortality, long-term health effects such as Long COVID, and the pandemic's economic consequences, especially in vulnerable sectors. Methodology: This meta-analysis systematically reviewed 45 peer-reviewed studies from 2020 to 2023, examining the pandemic's public health and economic impacts globally. Studies were sourced from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Data on mortality rates, healthcare system strain, mental health disorders, and economic performance were extracted, analyzed, and synthesized. Special attention was given to disparities between high-income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly regarding healthcare access, fiscal responses, and economic recovery. Results: Public health systems were overwhelmed worldwide, with the highest mortality rates recorded in the Americas and Europe. Long COVID affected 10–30% of recovered individuals, contributing to ongoing healthcare burdens. Mental health disorders, including depression and anxiety, increased by 25–30% globally. Economically, global GDP contracted by 3.5% in 2020, with the most severe declines in tourism, hospitality, and retail sectors. Job losses were concentrated in vulnerable groups, especially in LMICs, where recovery was slower due to limited fiscal resources and vaccine access. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the interconnectedness of health and economic stability. While developed economies rebounded quicker, LMICs faced prolonged public health crises and deeper economic contractions. Strengthening healthcare infrastructures and fostering inclusive economic recovery are crucial for future resilience. Enhanced global cooperation is essential to mitigate disparities and ensure preparedness for future pandemics.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Meta-Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Abass Ali Ramozi
creator: Ali Ahmad Yousefi
creator: Qasem Rezaee
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kateb Journal of Medical Science & Biotechnology
date: 2026-04-29
publication date: 2026-04-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 18

AStudy on the Role of In-Silico Methods in the Development and Discovery of New Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19
type: item
description: Introduction: the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the extensive global impact of COVID-19 have underscored the urgent need for discovering and developing new drugs. In silico methods, utilizing molecular simulations and computational techniques, have emerged as effective tools for identifying potential therapeutic compounds. These methods allow for the rapid assessment of drug effects before proceeding to laboratory and clinical testing. Objective: this study aims to investigate the role of in silico methods in simulating and evaluating potential therapeutic compounds for the treatment of COVID-19, with a particular focus on identifying drugs such as Remdesivir as effective treatment options. Methodology: this research was conducted using a library-based and systematic review approach. Data were collected from reputable scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The analysis of existing data from these sources was used to better understand the application of in silico methods in discovering new drugs. Results: the findings of this study indicate that in silico methods have been highly effective in identifying drugs like Remdesivir. These methods have successfully reduced the time and cost of drug research and have facilitated the identification of potential therapeutic compounds prior to clinical trials. Conclusion: this study highlights that in silico methods are powerful tools in the drug discovery process. However, the final validation of their effectiveness requires clinical and laboratory testing. These methods can serve as rapid and efficient solutions in global crises like COVID-19, aiding in the identification of effective drugs and combating emerging diseases.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: in-silico
  topic: keywords
subject: new spice discovery
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Nasir Movahhedi
creator: Ali Ahmad Yousefi
creator: Zaman Nourozi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kateb Journal of Medical Science & Biotechnology
date: 2026-04-29
publication date: 2026-04-29
starting page: 27
ending page: 36

The Prevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women of Ningarhar Province (2023)
type: item
description: Toxoplasmosis infection is considered one of the most important international health problems, and our dear citizens are also suffering from this infection. This infection can also harm mothers and their children, as well as ordinary people, causing children suffering from insufficiency to death (such as neurological disorders, birth defects, blindness, heart attacks and miscarriages). Most of them are life-threatening. methodology This study was conducted in different areas of Nangarhar province from (25/2/1402) to (25/3/1402) in 600 pregnant women using a cross-sectional descriptive statistical method by randomization. results this research is being carried out in the entire province of Nangarhar (center and district) and it is not possible to carry out this research in these areas and we do not have the possibilities; That's why I used the above method. In this way, in 21 districts of Nangarhar province, voting was done in four big districts and Jalalabad city in two districts out of six districts. In Nangarhar province, the main ways of spreading this disease are cats, animals, soil, vegetables and contact with dirty water. 2 percent, in the third decade (10/2 percent) and in the fourth decade (12/7 percent). This infection exists in different stages of age, in the second decade (8) positive cases, which is (7/2) percent; in the third decade, 22 positive cases (10/5 percent, in the fourth decade) 28 (Incidents positive) 12/7 (percent) which is the highest percentage.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Toxoplasmosis
  topic: keywords
subject: pregnant woman
  topic: keywords
subject: TORCH syndrome
  topic: keywords
creator: Zabihullah Iqbal
creator: Ali Ahmad Yousefi
creator: Muhammad Asef
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kateb Journal of Medical Science & Biotechnology
date: 2026-04-29
publication date: 2026-04-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 26

Overcoming Barriers to Renal Transplantation in Afghanistan: Challenges and Opportunities
type: item
description: Background: Renal transplantation has become a crucial treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), significantly improving patient quality of life and longevity. Initially confined to high-income countries, it has expanded to include developing regions like Afghanistan, where access remains limited. In Afghanistan, barriers such as economic constraints, cultural and religious stigmas, and a shortage of healthcare professionals pose significant challenges. Political instability further complicates the ability to deliver and access this life-saving treatment, creating a complex landscape for patients and healthcare Objective. Methodology: This review explores the challenges and opportunities surrounding renal transplantation in Afghanistan through a qualitative approach. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed articles, health organization reports, and governmental documents. Interviews and surveys from health organizations provided additional insights into patient experiences and healthcare provider challenges. Data validation was achieved by cross-referencing findings from multiple sources, presenting a balanced view of the current state of renal transplantation in Afghanistan. Findings: Renal transplantation in Afghanistan faces significant challenges, including high costs, cultural and religious stigmas, a severe shortage of trained healthcare professionals, and inadequate infrastructure. Political instability disrupts the supply chain for essential medical resources, exacerbating these issues. Addressing these challenges requires a coordinated effort to improve access, promote cultural awareness, and ensure affordable healthcare services, supported by international cooperation. Conclusion: Improving renal transplantation in Afghanistan necessitates overcoming economic, cultural, and healthcare workforce barriers. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure, ensuring affordable access to post-transplant medications, and fostering internat…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Renal transplantation
  topic: keywords
subject: ESRD
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare access
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural barriers
  topic: keywords
subject: economic barriers
  topic: keywords
subject: Afghanistan
  topic: keywords
subject: organ donation
  topic: keywords
creator: Ehsan Shayan
creator: Basira Bek
creator: Ghulam Haider Jamalzada
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kateb Journal of Medical Science & Biotechnology
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
starting page: 16
ending page: 28

Pregnancy in a Non-Communicating Rudimentary Horn of a Unicornuate Uterus Complicated by Uterine Rupture: A Case Report from Afghanistan
type: item
description: Background: Pregnancy in a non-communicating rudimentary horn of a unicornuate uterus is an extremely rare obstetric complication with significant risks, including uterine rupture and maternal mortality. This condition poses diagnostic and management challenges, especially in resource-limited settings. Case Presentation: We report the case of an 18-year-old woman from Wardak Province, Afghanistan, presenting with severe abdominal pain, hypotension, and a history of amenorrhea for four months. Clinical and ultrasound findings revealed a ruptured ectopic pregnancy with hemoperitoneum. Surgical exploration confirmed pregnancy in a non-communicating rudimentary horn of a unicornuate uterus, leading to uterine rupture. The patient underwent a successful laparotomy, including evacuation of a deceased fetus, excision of the rudimentary horn, and abdominal lavage. She received multiple blood transfusions and was discharged in stable condition after three days. Discussion: This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and life-threatening complications associated with rudimentary horn pregnancies. Early diagnosis using imaging and timely surgical intervention are critical to optimizing maternal outcomes. The unique challenges posed by this condition in resource-limited settings underscore the importance of awareness among healthcare providers and prompt referral systems. Conclusion: Pregnancy in a rudimentary horn of a unicornuate uterus is a rare and life-threatening condition. This case demonstrates the importance of early recognition, timely surgical management, and postoperative care to prevent severe maternal morbidity and mortality.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Unicornuate uterus
  topic: keywords
subject: Rudimentary horn pregnancy
  topic: keywords
subject: Uterine rupture
  topic: keywords
subject: Ectopic pregnancy
  topic: keywords
subject: Resource-limited settings
  topic: keywords
creator: Hafizullah Torgani
creator: Abdullah Rastin
creator: Fawzia Khwaja Omari Miaman
creator: Shakila Sakhizada
creator: Ahmad Zia Noori
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kateb Journal of Medical Science & Biotechnology
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
starting page: 1
ending page: 15

Monkeypox Virus: Epidemiology, Transmission, and Clinical Management in the Contemporary Era
type: item
description: Background: The monkeypox virus was first identified in 1958 in monkeys, with the first human case reported in 1970. Initially recognized as an endemic disease in certain African countries, its spread to non-endemic nations in 2022 raised global concerns. Methods: This study is a systematic review conducted by searching reputable databases from 2010 to December 2024. Studies related to epidemiology, virus transmission, and preventive measures were included. Data were extracted and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively from the selected articles. Findings: Monkeypox is transmitted through direct contact with bodily fluids, sexual contact, and contact with infected animals. The disease is more prevalent in rural and underdeveloped areas. Human-to-human transmission has increased in non-endemic countries in recent years. Clinical symptoms include fever, headache, skin lesions, and severe pain in certain areas. There is no specific treatment, and supportive therapies and drugs like tecovirimat are used. Conclusion: Monkeypox is a viral disease that spreads through both human-to-human and animal-to-human transmission. Prevention through vaccination, public awareness, and the use of personal protective equipment such as condoms and masks can help control its spread. Effective disease control requires rapid identification and preventive measures.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Monkeypox
  topic: keywords
subject: Epidemiology
  topic: keywords
subject: Transmission
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevention
  topic: keywords
subject: Orthopoxvirus
  topic: keywords
creator: Yasin Mohammadi
creator: Hamed Mollaie
creator: Waheedull Akbari
creator: Yaser Hussainkhai
creator: Jomagul Malilzada
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kateb Journal of Medical Science & Biotechnology
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
starting page: 44
ending page: 53

The Impact of Childbirth Preparation Classes on Reducing Fear of Natural Childbirth
type: item
description: Background: Pregnancy and childbirth is a special grace of God who has entrusted the preservation of the human race since the beginning of human creation. Studies show that one out of every five pregnant women experiences fear of childbirth. Fear of childbirth has been associated with increased labor pain, prolonged labor, and unpleasant labor experience. The most common reason for the request of primiparous women to perform a cesarean section is the fear of childbirth. One of the ways to reduce the fear and rate of cesarean section is to educate pregnant women and prepare them for natural delivery. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of childbirth preparation classes on reducing fear of natural childbirth. Research materials and methods: In this study, a review of the impact of birth preparation classes on reducing the fear of natural childbirth from reference and related books and articles related to the research topic from scientific databases such as WHO, Google scholar, Mag Iran, pubmed, SIDs from 2000 to now were searched and included in the research based on the relevance to the subject of this study. And also in this research, the researcher conducted research for two months in hospitals and examined houses and directly interviewed and consulted women, which led to a reduction in their fear of natural childbirth. Findings: By reviewing 40 English and Farsi articles, it was found that there is a direct relationship between the level of awareness and attitude towards natural childbirth, and it is possible to encourage women to choose the natural childbirth method by increasing the level of awareness and as a result changing the attitude of women. Women stated their main reason for choosing a cesarean section was the fear of childbirth pains, and also women consider natural childbirth more scary and tiring, and that their knowledge about childbirth is low, and these women have been given little education about childbirth pain. Conclusion: It seem…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: childbirth
  topic: keywords
subject: childbirth preparation classes
  topic: keywords
subject: fear of childbirth
  topic: keywords
creator: Sima Alizada
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kateb Journal of Medical Science & Biotechnology
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
starting page: 23
ending page: 43

Descriptive Study on the Management of Urinary Tract Infections at National and Specialized Police Hospital in 2023
type: item
description: Background: Urinary tract infection are a general term, which refers to infections that affect any part of the urinary tract, including kidneys, ureters and bladder. Urinary tract infections are the second most common bacterial infection and one of the frequent reasons for prescribing antibiotics. There is a growing concern about the relationship between the use of antibiotics and the development of acquired infectious resistance, which highlights the need to recommend appropriate antibiotics. Method & Materials: This descriptive study, was conducted on 400 patients with urinary tract infections who referred to the national and specialized police hospital during the year 1401 AH, who were treated with different types of antibiotics. Results: In this study, among the 400 patients, 55.75% of them were men and 44.25% were women. The disease more affected people in age group between 18 – 28 years, which include 47.25% of all cases. The disease affected mostly married people, for which the percentage received is 63.75%. The most common oral recommended drug was ciprofloxacin (26.5%) and most used parenteral drug was ceftriaxone (9.25%). Conclusion: The study shows that the disease affects more men than women and affects people more in the second decade of life. The most common drug recommended in the treatment of the disease is ciprofloxacin.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Urinary tract infections
  topic: keywords
subject: Antibiotics
  topic: keywords
subject: National and specialized police hospital
  topic: keywords
creator: Matiullah Nalaan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kateb Journal of Medical Science & Biotechnology
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
starting page: 11
ending page: 22

The study Investigation the prevalence of neonatal sepsis during the last six months of year2022 in neonatal ward of Maiwand teaching hospital
type: item
description: Background: Neonatal sepsis is a systemic inflammatory reaction against infection that occurs in the first 28 days of life. Neonatal sepsis is one of the main causes of disability and death in the neonatal period all over the world. In the whole world, approximately 1.6 million deaths occur annually due to neonatal sepsis, and 40% of them are in developing countries. Objective: Finding the prevalence of neonatal sepsis among hospitalized babies during the second six months of 1401, who were admitted to Maiwand teaching hospital. Methodology: This research is a descriptive cross-sectional type and was conducted during the second six months of 1401 and using documents of 222 infants admitted to Maiwand teaching hospital. Results: in general, the number of newborns admitted to Maiwand Teaching Hospital during the second six months of 1401 was 222, and the prevalence of neonatal sepsis was found in 194 or 87.39% of newborns. Among these, 105 or 54.12% are male babies, and 89 or 45.88% are female babies. In this research, 28.35% or 55 babies had early sepsis, and 139 or 71.65% had late sepsis. Conclusion: The prevalence of neonatal sepsis in this research was 87.39%, of which 105 or 54.12% were boys, 89 or 45.88% were girls, 55 or 28.35% had early sepsis and 139 or 71.65% had The late sepsis. Keywords: neonatal sepsis, prevalence, Maiwand teaching hospital.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: neonatal sepsis
  topic: keywords
subject: prevalence
  topic: keywords
subject: Maiwand teaching hospital
  topic: keywords
creator: Rahmatollah Nazari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kateb Journal of Medical Science & Biotechnology
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
starting page: 1
ending page: 10

Risk Factors for the Incidence of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women
type: item
description: Background: Menopause is a natural physiological phenomenon marking the end of a woman's reproductive years. This period can impact various aspects of women's physical and mental health. Among the health concerns during this phase is an increased risk of breast cancer. This study aims to identify and investigate the risk factors for breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women. Methods: This research is a descriptive review systematically conducted by examining relevant scientific literature. Necessary data were collected and analyzed using a documentary method, through searches in scientific databases and the study of reputable reference books and scientific articles. Findings and Results: The findings indicate that a family history of breast cancer in second-degree relatives, age at first delivery between 18 and 35 years, and the presence of benign breast masses are significant risk factors for breast cancer in women under 50. Furthermore, a significant association exists between marital status and breast cancer incidence. Some studies have pointed to a positive correlation between the number of abortions and the development of breast cancer. The most prominent risk factors identified include physical inactivity, breastfeeding duration of less than two years, a high body mass index (BMI > 30), and exposure to secondhand smoke at home. Conclusion: The research findings suggest that preventing modifiable factors such as obesity and physical inactivity, along with increasing awareness about healthy lifestyle choices, can be effective in reducing the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Breast cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: menopause
  topic: keywords
subject: risk factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Women
  topic: keywords
creator: Muzhgan Afzali
creator: Ahmad Faisal Afzali
creator: Ahmad Komail Afzali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kateb Journal of Medical Science & Biotechnology
date: 2026-04-12
publication date: 2026-04-12
starting page: 11
ending page: 25

Demographic and Associated Factors Influencing Addiction Among Adults in Kabul, Afghanistan
type: item
description: Background: Substance addiction poses a critical public health challenge globally, with increasing prevalence in low-income, conflict-affected countries such as Afghanistan. Despite widespread drug use, limited empirical research has explored the demographic and socio-contextual factors influencing addiction in Kabul, the nation’s capital. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of substance use and examine the associated demographic, economic, and social factors contributing to addiction among adults in Kabul, Afghanistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 82 adults aged 18–60 years in Kabul. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, substance use history, and associated risk factors. Descriptive statistics and Somers’ D correlation were used to analyze the data using SPSS version 26. Results: The majority of participants were male (95.1%) and between the ages of 20–30 years (42.7%). Opium was the most commonly used substance (57.3%), followed by hashish (34.1%). Key risk factors included unemployment (93.9%), frequent association with addicts (97.6%), and ease of access to drugs (84.1%). A strong peer influence was observed, with 82.9% reporting increased drug use in the presence of addicted friends. Somers’ D correlation confirmed significant associations between addiction and ease of access, family conflict, and peer networks. Conclusion: The findings highlight a complex interplay between socio-economic hardship, peer influence, and drug accessibility in driving addiction among adults in Kabul. Addressing these factors through community-level interventions, employment support, and peer-based harm reduction strategies is essential for effective addiction prevention and treatment in Afghanistan.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Substance use
  topic: keywords
subject: Addiction
  topic: keywords
subject: Afghanistan
  topic: keywords
subject: Kabul
  topic: keywords
subject: Socioeconomic factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Peer influence
  topic: keywords
subject: Opium
  topic: keywords
subject: Cross-sectional study
  topic: keywords
creator: Abbas Ali Ramozi
creator: Ali Ahmad Yusefi
creator: Ehsan Shayan
creator: Yahya Samadi
creator: Zakaria Rezai
creator: Mirwais Ramozi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kateb Journal of Medical Science & Biotechnology
date: 2026-04-12
publication date: 2026-04-12
starting page: 9
ending page: 18

Awareness of Hypertension and Its Risks Among Youths in West Kabul: A Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Background: Hypertension is a leading global health risk, often silent yet significantly contributing to heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Its prevention relies heavily on public awareness, particularly among youths. This study examines youth awareness of hypertension, its risk factors, and complications in West Kabul, amid rising incidence due to lifestyle and urbanization. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 youths (aged 17–21) in West Kabul using convenience sampling. Participants were recruited from schools, community centers, and public spaces. Data were gathered through a pretested, structured questionnaire assessing demographics, hypertension knowledge, and awareness of risk factors. The questionnaire was validated by public health experts, and responses were analyzed using SPSS with results presented descriptively. Results: Among male respondents (n=200), 82.5% knew about hypertension, but just 32% knew of its important risk factors. Similarly, among female respondents (n=200), 64% knew about hypertension, but just 38.5% knew of its causes accurately. A majority of respondents (male and female) held mistaken perceptions about the dietary and lifestyle risk determinants for hypertension. Moreover, only 26% of men and 31% of women indicated a good understanding of the hypertension consequences. Conclusion: While most youths in West Kabul know about hypertension, its risk factors and causes are understood by few. Less than 32% of men and 38.5% of women know the major risk factors for hypertension and therefore we require targeted health education. Our recommendation is to include awareness about hypertension in school curricula and start culturally sensitive outreach so that preventive lifestyle changes can be promoted among youths.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: Awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Young Population
  topic: keywords
subject: West Kabul
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: keywords
creator: Zabihullah Iqbal
creator: Enayatullah Mosawi
creator: Mohammad Reza Omid
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kateb Journal of Medical Science & Biotechnology
date: 2026-04-12
publication date: 2026-04-12
starting page: 1
ending page: 8

A Study of Comminuted Mandibular Fractures at the National and Specialized Police Hospital in 2020
type: item
description: Background and Objectives: Mandibular fractures, particularly comminuted fractures, are among the most common and complex injuries encountered in maxillofacial trauma. These fractures primarily result from severe impacts due to war-related incidents, traffic accidents, and falls from height. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of patients with such fractures at the Police National and Specialty Hospital in the solar year 1399 (2020-2021 CE). Materials and Methods: This descriptive case series study was conducted in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery at the Police National and Specialty Hospital during the solar year 1399. Thirty-eight military personnel with comminuted mandibular fractures sustained in war-related incidents were enrolled after hospitalization and indication for surgical intervention. Necessary data were extracted and analyzed from patient records. Findings: Out of 39,600 patient admissions, 2,325 trauma cases were recorded, with 38 (1.6%) presenting with comminuted mandibular fractures. The most common causes of injury included gunshot wounds (71%), mine explosions (15.7%), and traffic accidents (13.1%). All cases required surgical treatment, which involved internal fixation (57.8%) and external fixation (42.1%). Complications reported included aesthetic deformities, masticatory problems, tissue defects, and numbness in the affected area. Conclusion: Comminuted mandibular fractures pose a significant challenge for maxillofacial surgeons due to their inherent complexity. Appropriate management, based on the degree of displacement, is recommended and includes intermaxillary fixation, plate and mini-screw osteosynthesis, and in more severe cases, the use of titanium mesh.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mandible
  topic: keywords
subject: Titanium
  topic: keywords
subject: Titanium Mesh
  topic: keywords
subject: Comminuted Fracture
  topic: keywords
subject: Maxillofacial Surgery
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Adil Akhtar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kateb Journal of Medical Science & Biotechnology
date: 2026-04-12
publication date: 2026-04-12
starting page: 35
ending page: 42

Rupioid Psoriasis with Psoriatic Arthritis: A Rare Case Report
type: item
description: Background: Rupioid psoriasis, a distinct and rare form of psoriasis, is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by thick, hyperkeratotic, circular or conical plaques with central umbilication and scale resembling oyster shells. Diagnosis of this condition can be challenging due to its clinical resemblance to other dermatological diseases, including syphilis, keratotic scabies, reactive arthritis, sarcoidosis, and disseminated histoplasmosis. Given the importance of early and accurate diagnosis for effective management, there is a recognized need to raise awareness regarding the clinical features and therapeutic approaches for this rare form of psoriasis. Objective: This study aims to enhance dermatologists' awareness of rare skin diseases and improve their ability to differentiate them from other dermatological conditions presenting with rupioid manifestations. Case Findings: A 21-year-old male presented with a two-year history of progressively worsening hyperkeratotic lesions distributed over the scalp, ears, face, neck, trunk, and extremities. He also reported intermittent episodes of severe pain and swelling in multiple joints, including the elbows, wrists, knees, and ankles. Histopathological examination of skin lesions confirmed the diagnosis of rupioid psoriasis. The patient was managed with systemic methotrexate, oral loratadine, topical corticosteroids, and intralesional corticosteroid injections, leading to clinical improvement. Conclusion: Rupioid psoriasis may be associated with intermittent and severe joint pain. Differentiation from other rupioid-like conditions, particularly secondary syphilis, is crucial. Methotrexate is an effective therapeutic agent for controlling both cutaneous and articular manifestations of the disease, and intralesional corticosteroid injections play a beneficial role in its management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Psoriasis
  topic: keywords
subject: Rupioid Psoriasis
  topic: keywords
subject: Psoriatic Arthritis
  topic: keywords
subject: Joint Pain
  topic: keywords
subject: Methotrexate
  topic: keywords
subject: Steroid
  topic: keywords
creator: Sayed Tamim Haidary
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kateb Journal of Medical Science & Biotechnology
date: 2026-04-12
publication date: 2026-04-12
starting page: 27
ending page: 33

Prevalence of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis at the Eye Teaching Hospital of Shahrara in1401
type: item
description: Background and Objective: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic, bilateral allergic inflammatory disorder affecting the conjunctiva, upper tarsal plate, and cornea, with a relatively low prevalence. It predominantly affects children and young adults aged 1 to 25 years, with a reported male predominance. The primary symptoms include intense pruritus, accompanied by epiphora, photophobia, foreign body sensation, and burning. Thick, rope-like mucous discharge is frequently observed on the eyelids. Additionally, pseudoptosis may occur. These signs and symptoms can fluctuate throughout the year, typically exacerbating during the spring and summer seasons and subsiding in colder periods. The disease presents in three main clinical forms: palpebral, limbal, and mixed. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) among patients who presented to the outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary eye hospital in Shahr-e-Ara during the Hijri year 1401. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved the collection and recording of data from the medical records of all patients who attended the outpatient department of the tertiary eye hospital during the Hijri year 1401. Results: Over a one-year period (from the beginning of Hamal to the end of Hoot 1401 AH), out of a total of 26,000 patient visits to the tertiary eye hospital, 312 patients were diagnosed with vernal keratoconjunctivitis. The prevalence of VKC at this hospital in the year 1401 AH was 1.2%. Among these patients, 228 (73.1%) were male and 84 (26.9%) were female. Conclusion: The prevalence of vernal keratoconjunctivitis at the tertiary eye hospital in the year 1401 AH was 1.2%, with males and individuals under twenty years of age exhibiting the highest rates of affliction. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the epidemiology of this condition within the studied population.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC)
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevalence
  topic: keywords
subject: Tertiary Eye Hospital
  topic: keywords
creator: Rahmatullah Nazari
creator: Mohammad Hanif Haidari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kateb Journal of Medical Science & Biotechnology
date: 2026-04-12
publication date: 2026-04-12
starting page: 1
ending page: 9