Glaucoma, also known as "black water," is a chronic and progressive disease that damages the optic nerve and leads to loss of vision. One of the main risk factors for this disease is elevated intraocular pressure. Disruption in the eye's fluid drainage system can result in fluid accumulation and increased pressure, which damages the optic nerve. The optic nerve is a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the retina to the brain. Damage to this nerve leads to vision loss. Vision loss initially begins with peripheral vision and gradually affects central vision. When the optic nerve damage occurs, it may take months or years for symptoms to manifest, and once vision is lost, it is irreversible. Methodology: In this study, a descriptive-cross-sectional research method was employed using a retrospective review of the medical records of 26,000 patients who visited the ophthalmology clinic between 1 Hamal 1401 and 29 Hoot 1401. The purpose was to investigate the prevalence of glaucoma. All the information was collected from the patients' files. Results: Overall, 138 cases of glaucoma were recorded in the eye clinic during the year 1401. The current research results indicate that the highest number of glaucoma cases occurs in individuals over 60 years old, while the lowest cases are observed in individuals aged 0-20. In terms of gender, the majority of cases were observed in males (60.78%) and fewer cases in females (39.13%). Regarding the type of glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) accounted for the highest number of cases, while primary closed-angle glaucoma (PCAG) accounted for the fewest cases. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma are crucial as untreated glaucoma can lead to vision loss. Regular eye examinations and measurement of intraocular pressure are vital for early detection of glaucoma. The treatment of glaucoma includes the use of eye drops, medications, and in severe cases, surgery. Additionally, correcting risk factors such as controlling blood pressure, making dietary changes, and adopting a healthy lifestyle can also be effective in reducing the risk of developing glaucoma.

Keywords: glaucoma, prevalence, intraocular pressure, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary closed-angle glaucoma (PCAG)

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