Zabihullah Iqbal , Ali Ahmad Yousefi , Rahim Hassili , Aboozar Afzali
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by parasites of the Leishmania type. It
species spreads by the bite of certain types of sandflies. The disease can
present in three main ways: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or
visceral leishmaniasis. It’s a common parasitic disease of human and some
animals, the incidence of secondary infection in cutaneous lesions, can
cause serious problems and even death. The rate of its Incidence is high in
developing countries including Afghanistan. The World Health
Organization reports more than three hundred and fifty million people at
risk of leishmaniasis, as many as 12 million people are believed to be
currently infected, and an estimated of 2 million new cases every year.
NMLCP the National Malaria and Leshmainia program of Afghanistan
reports the highest number of Leishmaniasis in Kabul (14,940 cases) and the
lowest in Zabul province (11 cases) in 2021. The 13 district of Kabul city
indicate the most number of the disease. The incidence of leishmaniasis is
not significant between man and women, but slightly increased in female in
2012 and 2021. The high rate of leishmaniasis according to NMLCP in
Afghanistan was in 2009 (41072) and low in 2004 (9203). Kabul city has
the highest rates of leishmaniasis then other provinces in Afghanistan, as
indicated that the high rate was in 2012 (15862) and the low rate in 2014
(6488). This study will guide further practical studies in different region of
Afghanistan. More practical studies regarding the prevalence of the parasite
and molecular studies for differentiation of different kind of lieshmania in
the country are recommended.